Introduction:
The following article demonstrates about ‘The future of publishing and media’. This article is written by emmc: European monitoring centre on change and was published in 2003. The research is based on the future of publishing and media sectors. The writer had discussed about the publishing and media sector, market size, structure and employment, trends and drivers, uncertainties and issues. The writer had collected the data from different referenced books. (1)
The next article is based on the analysis of the role of ‘Multifunctional Electronic Media & Traditional media’. This article is written by Ronald Hischier and Inge Reichart and it was published in 2003. The discussion will be carried out on the basis that which one of these: the printed newspaper, an internet newspaper or a TV broadcast is having more or less environmental impact. This case study reveals that access to electronic information have positive impact on the society. The paper is structured as follow: Section I explains the increased information access and communication through electronic media and also the environmental impact of electronic media. Section II gives an overview of the functional unit according to the ISO 14040 Series and also shows the participation of electronic media on daily basis. The others Sections presents a practical analysis of the environmental impact of getting the daily news through electronic media or print media. It also focuses explicitly on the environmental impact of electronic media and print media. (2)
Literature Review:
The first article is all about publishing and media sector. So, in first step the writer had tried to explain the meaning of publishing and media sector from different point of views. Additional information is given about different industries which are under the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the media and graphics sector.(1)
The writer had clearly described the market size through data tables. The given table is showing us the growth of global entertainment and media market from 2001 to 2006. The largest market growth includes sectors like Educational and professional books and training, Newspaper publishing, TV distribution: station, cable and satellite, TV networks: broadcast and cable. It also shows that United States of America (USA) is the largest market with about $414 billion in 2001. The further two tables gives the information about top 10 leading world groups ranked by audio-visual turnover and the largest publishing and media companies in Europe in the year 2000. These tables substantiate the strength of USA in media and publishing world. There is also a table given for the employment in the audio-visual industry in the EU. The figures reveal that the three big troupes are France, Germany and United Kingdom (UK). (1)
Then the writer had explained the economic and political drivers which include economic health, competition and regulation, digitisation and convergence, from scarcity to abundance and social and cultural drivers. These all points explain how dot.com crash due to growth of internet and television distribution. Globalisation, industry concentration and mergers and liberalisation become the media businesses for economies. Information is provided about digitisation that how it became the blessing for the publishers and how it affect the production costs.(1)
After giving all that information about different trends and drivers in the publishing and media sector, writer had also discussed on the uncertainties and issues related to new technologies. Doubts related to new technologies like how these will spread out and will these new technologies be unbeaten in the open market. The writer had insecurity about new technologies like pay-TV, digital TV, cable and satellite, third generation mobile, Internet broadcasting and many more. And at last writer had given some quotations written by famous writers and authors. The list of references had been given.(1)
In the second article writer had first given the aim and background and he explained the meaning of functional unit according to ISO 14040 Series. Then there is a column which explains the functions of the daily printed newspaper, internet newspaper and TV broadcast. In this part the writer has discussed all the three topics with their necessities in different ways and their negative side as well. The writer had also shown with the help of tables that how much time is needed for a news item in three particular ways like TV broadcast takes 180 seconds whereas on internet it takes 90 seconds to read a news item and similarly there are tables for daily news and daily media consumption. Then there is table which shows the data sources and methods of impact assessment. It gives all details about the manufacturing and disposal of various electronic, newspaper and plastic products.(2)
In the results section, the three different tables show us the production, usage and disposal of reading or watching a particular news item, daily news and daily consumption as a whole. The tables reveal that each one of these (news item, daily news and daily consumption as a whole) is having an environmental impact, in some ways it’s less and in some its more but some or the other way they are affecting our environment. The article includes a graph which gives us an idea about the influence of the electricity mix on the environmental impact. It reveals the fact that reading daily news from internet causes more environmental impact than watching daily news on TV. And on the other side newspapers on the daily news basis has more impact on environment as compared to internet and TV as it takes more electricity. At last the writer had given the analysis and the point of view after comparing the results. And a list of references is given. (2)
Conclusion:
I am very much impressed with the way the writer had explained the topics and revealed some interesting facts about the publishing and media world. Instead of directly discussing about the different topics related to publishing and media, the writer had explain what is publishing and media sector and he explained it in many ways by giving variety of definitions. Then he had discussed both the positive and negative aspects of media world. Tables had been used which clears all the figures. When I read it I came across new things like which are the leading companies and which country is having the largest media sector and also the writer had given information about the employment. The article is a bit old as it was written in 2003 but it tells us what happened at that time and what was the thinking of the people related to new technologies. (1)
It is true that there are uncertainties and issues which are still to be solved. New technologies have given the chance that we can express our views more openly and precisely to everyone. Publishing is done in more sophisticated form and the media sector is also increasing with new ideas every day. Our publishing and media sector is having more advanced technologies and in today’s world due to these we can get information about anything and from anywhere. The world has become very small because of these as sitting at one place you can get one particular information in various forms. But it happens when people are getting new technologies which make their life easier than at that situation they don’t think about the uncertainties or the negative side related to that technology. (1)
About the second article, the writer had revealed all types of aspects whether it’s positive or negative. He had used graphs to show the consumption on different basis whether it’s daily news or a news item. People are using all the three ways to grab a piece of news. Some got the time of reading a newspaper with their morning tea, some got the time in office to check the latest headlines on the internet and some people prefer TV. So, in any case people are using both the electronic media and the printed media. And if we talk about the impact on environment then each of these either less or more but they are affecting. Graphs related to these data sometimes are high and sometimes low. Our old generation still prefers the newspapers and TV for their daily news. But in future it seems that most of the people will prefer news on internet. Because on internet one link is connected to another or to different websites which gives lot of information together. The paper used for newspapers comes from wood, so if there will be less production than we can stop cutting of trees. I myself prefer internet for the news. But different people have different preferences. Both the writers had done there research very precisely and it is helpful to students like us. (2)
References
1. Sector Futures, The future of Publishing and media, Report by European Monitoring Centre of Change, available at : http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emcc/publications/2003/sf_pm_1.pdf
2. Roland Hischier and Inge Reichart, Multifunction Electronic Media- Traditional Media,LCA case studies, Sustainable Information Technology Unit(SIT) , Swill Federal Laboratories For Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland, 2003, available at:
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